Extra-Zymase Plus – Digestive Support for IBS, Diarrhea, and Gut Wellness

Extra-Zymase Plus – Digestive Support for IBS, Diarrhea, and Gut Wellness

Introduction: Digestive troubles like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), chronic diarrhea, bloating, and indigestion affect millions of people worldwide. IBS alone is a common disorder marked by abdominal pain, gas, and alternating bowel habits (diarrhea and/or constipation). Such gastrointestinal issues often arise from a combination of factors – including food intolerances, enzyme deficiencies, gut flora imbalances, and low-grade inflammation in the gut. For example, not producing enough digestive enzymes can lead to malabsorbed food, causing symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea. This is where Extra-Zymase Plus comes in. Extra-Zymase Plus is a clinically inspired dietary supplement formulated to support healthy digestion and alleviate IBS-related discomfort. By providing a broad blend of digestive enzymes, beneficial probiotics, and natural fiber, this supplement aims to enhance digestive function and restore balance in the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we’ll explore how Extra-Zymase Plus works to manage IBS, diarrhea, and related GI issues, discuss its key ingredients and mechanisms, and explain why it’s valuable both in clinical practice and as an over-the-counter wellness aid.

Understanding IBS and Digestive Discomfort

IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in stool frequency or consistency. While not dangerous, IBS can greatly impair quality of life. Common triggers for IBS symptoms include certain hard-to-digest foods (like dairy or high-fiber beans), stress, and disruptions in the gut microbiome. Many IBS sufferers experience food intolerances – for instance, lactose (the sugar in milk) or specific fermentable fibers can provoke gas, cramping, and diarrhea due to incomplete digestion. In fact, lacking particular digestive enzymes leads to undigested nutrients that draw water and feed gut bacteria, resulting in diarrhea and gas. An example is lactose intolerance: insufficient lactase enzyme allows lactose to ferment in the gut, causing bloating, gas and loose stools. Similarly, all humans lack alpha-galactosidase, the enzyme for certain bean sugars, so eating beans often produces gas and discomfort. Beyond enzymes, IBS patients often have an imbalanced gut microbiome, which can worsen bloating and bowel irregularity. Given these factors, a multi-faceted approach is needed to ease IBS symptoms – dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, probiotics, and digestive enzymes have all shown benefit in various casespmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Extra-Zymase Plus was designed to address these very issues by targeting the digestive process itself. By improving the breakdown of foods, supporting the gut’s beneficial bacteria, and normalizing bowel function, it tackles IBS and general gastrointestinal distress at the root.

What Is Extra-Zymase Plus?

Extra-Zymase Plus is an advanced digestive support supplement containing a potent combination of enzymes, probiotic organisms, and fiber (psyllium husk) in convenient veggie capsules. It is formulated to assist in the digestion of all major food groups and promote a healthy intestinal environment. Digestive enzyme supplements like Extra-Zymase Plus typically include a broad blend of enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, and lactase, which together help break down carbohydrates, proteins, fats, plant fibers, and lactose (milk sugar). Extra-Zymase Plus goes a step further – its enzyme blend also features alpha-galactosidase (for gas-forming bean sugars), glucoamylase and invertase (for complex carbs and sugars), hemicellulase and beta-glucanase (for plant fiber components), plus multiple proteases (like chymotrypsin and peptidase) to ensure thorough protein digestion. In essence, every type of food molecule – starch, dairy, protein, fat, or fiber – has a corresponding enzyme in this product to help digest it effectively. By providing these enzymes, Extra-Zymase Plus aims to prevent the buildup of undigested food in the gut, which is a common cause of bloating, fermentation, and discomfort.

 

In addition to enzymes, Extra-Zymase Plus contains a proprietary probiotic blend with multiple strains of beneficial bacteria, notably Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species (including L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, B. longum, B. bifidum, among others). These probiotics help replenish and balance the gut microbiota – the community of “good bacteria” in the intestines. A healthy microbiome is crucial for digestion, as it aids in fermenting fibers, producing vitamins, and keeping harmful microbes in check. Finally, each capsule provides psyllium husk, a soluble fiber known for its gentle regulatory effects on bowel movements. Psyllium forms a gel in the intestines that can soften hard stool and add bulk to loose stool, effectively normalizing stool consistency in both constipation and diarrhea. It’s no surprise that psyllium is the only fiber supplement explicitly recommended by gastroenterology guidelines for IBS managementpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. By combining all three – enzymes, probiotics, and fiber – Extra-Zymase Plus offers a comprehensive tool to tackle digestive issues from multiple angles in one formulation.

How Extra-Zymase Plus Works to Manage IBS and Diarrhea

1. Enhancing Digestion with Enzymes: The specialized enzyme blend in Extra-Zymase Plus helps pre-digest foods, taking strain off your gastrointestinal tract. This can significantly relieve symptoms of maldigestion such as bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Each enzyme plays a specific role. For example, lactase breaks down lactose in dairy, preventing the water-attracting fermentation that would otherwise cause gas and diarrheahealth.harvard.edu. Taking lactase with dairy (as in products like Lactaid) allows lactose-intolerant individuals to enjoy milk products without distresshealth.harvard.edu. Extra-Zymase Plus provides lactase in every dose, so those with IBS who have lactose sensitivity can better tolerate dairy as part of their diet. Another key enzyme is alpha-galactosidase, the same enzyme found in Beano™. Alpha-galactosidase helps digest galacto-oligosaccharides – complex sugars in beans, legumes, and certain vegetables that everybody finds hard to absorb. Normally, these sugars reach the colon intact and feed gas-producing bacteria, leading to bloating and flatulence. By breaking them down early, alpha-galactosidase can prevent that gassiness and abdominal discomforthealth.harvard.edu. In fact, a clinical study in IBS patients showed that using an alpha-galactosidase supplement significantly improved IBS symptoms (like bloating and pain) in those who were sensitive to these fermentable carbs. Extra-Zymase Plus delivers this benefit, helping IBS sufferers expand their diet without fear of crippling gas or cramps.

 

Furthermore, the formula’s proteolytic enzymes (proteases and peptidases) assist in breaking protein into amino acids. This not only improves nutrient absorption but also has ancillary benefits. Research indicates that proteolytic enzymes can reduce inflammation and relieve tissue irritation in the gut. For instance, one study found that a supplement containing the protease papain led to significant improvement in bloating, constipation, and painful bowel movements in people with IBS. Another trial of a multi-enzyme supplement (including proteases) showed reduced IBS symptoms like gas and abdominal pain. These findings suggest that by thoroughly digesting food proteins (and possibly by breaking down pro-inflammatory molecules), enzymes help soothe the digestive tract. Extra-Zymase Plus also contains lipase to break down fats and amylase/glucoamylase to break down complex carbohydrates and starches. This broad enzyme coverage means fewer undigested remnants in the intestines to irritate or “feed” gas-producing bacteria. Ultimately, by improving the efficiency of digestion, Extra-Zymase Plus addresses one of the root causes of IBS distress – it helps ensure your meal is properly broken down, which can alleviate post-meal bloating, gas, and even irregular bowel movements.

 

2. Balancing Gut Flora with Probiotics: Each serving of Extra-Zymase Plus provides billions of helpful probiotic bacteria from well-studied strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, among others). Restoring a healthy gut microbiome is a key strategy in managing IBS and diarrheal disorders. Studies have shown that probiotics can reduce global IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain and bloating. In fact, the British Society of Gastroenterology finds that probiotics “may be an effective treatment” for overall IBS symptom relief. These friendly microbes work in several ways: they help normalize gut motility (which can ease alternating diarrhea/constipation), they compete with and inhibit harmful bacteria (reducing gas and toxin production), and they produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids that nourish the gut lining. For someone with IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant IBS) or frequent loose stools, probiotics are particularly valuable. Certain strains like Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii are known to shorten bouts of infectious or antibiotic-related diarrhea by restoring microbial balance. Extra-Zymase Plus contains multiple Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria strains similar to those found in yogurts and fermented foods that promote GI health. By taking them daily, you effectively “seed” your gut with beneficial organisms that aid digestion and strengthen the intestinal barrier. This can result in fewer episodes of diarrhea and a reduction in IBS symptoms over time. Notably, probiotics also help with food intolerances – for example, they can metabolize some of the lactose or fructose that you can’t, and they produce enzymes of their own. Evidence even suggests that multi-strain probiotic supplements can provide global relief in IBS, improving not just bowel habits but also bloating and pain scores. In short, the probiotic component of Extra-Zymase Plus works synergistically with the enzymes: as the enzymes break down food components, the probiotics ensure a harmonious fermentation process and prevent overgrowth of gas-producing or pathogenic microbes. This balanced microbiome contributes to more regular, well-formed stools and less inflammation in the gut.

 

3. Regulating Bowel Function with Psyllium Fiber: Each capsule of Extra-Zymase Plus includes natural psyllium husk, a soluble fiber derived from the Plantago ovata plant. While psyllium itself is not digested by our enzymes, it plays a therapeutic role by absorbing water and forming a gel-like substance in the intestines. This has a normalizing effect on stool: it can soften hard stools in constipation by retaining moisture, and conversely firm up loose stools by adding bulk and viscosity. For individuals with IBS, who may swing between diarrhea and constipation, psyllium is extremely helpful. Clinical guidelines endorse psyllium as a first-line fiber supplement for IBS because of its proven efficacy in improving stool form and reducing abdominal painpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. It has been shown to decrease frequency of pain episodes in IBS and even positively alter the gut bacterial composition and mucosal health. In cases of chronic diarrhea (whether due to IBS-D or other causes), psyllium’s gelling action slows down stool transit and allows more water reabsorption, leading to more solid stools. This can dramatically reduce the urgency and frequency of diarrhea episodes. On the flip side, psyllium can relieve IBS-related constipation by softening and easing stool passage. Importantly, psyllium is non-fermentable, meaning gut bacteria do not significantly break it down to gas – so it tends to be well tolerated even by gassy IBS patients (unlike some other fibers that can worsen bloating). By including psyllium in Extra-Zymase Plus, the supplement offers gentle bowel regularity support alongside the enzymes and probiotics. Users often notice improved stool consistency and more predictable bowel movements after taking the product for a short period. Psyllium also has prebiotic qualities, feeding beneficial bacteria in the colon to further support the microbiome. In summary, this fiber component helps ensure that as the enzymes and probiotics do their work, the end result is a comfortable, regular bowel movement – neither too loose nor too hard.

 

4. Anti-Inflammatory and Systemic Benefits: Beyond direct digestive effects, the components of Extra-Zymase Plus may confer broader health benefits that are especially relevant in chronic GI conditions. IBS is now understood to involve a degree of immune activation and low-grade inflammation in the gut wall. Proteolytic enzymes such as chymotrypsin and bromelain (a pineapple-derived enzyme similar to those in Extra-Zymase Plus) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in research. They can break down inflammatory molecules and have even been used as natural alternatives to NSAID medications in conditions like arthritis and sinusitis. In the context of the gut, reducing inflammation can mean less visceral hypersensitivity (the over-reactive nerve response that causes pain and urgency in IBS). Probiotic bacteria also exert anti-inflammatory effects: they modulate the immune system in the intestines, increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing pro-inflammatory ones, which can alleviate gut lining irritation. Psyllium, too, has been noted to decrease inflammatory markers in the gut while improving the microbiota composition. Collectively, these actions may help calm an aggravated digestive tract. Many patients with IBS report improved comfort and even improvements in extra-intestinal symptoms (like reduced fatigue or clearer skin) once their digestion is optimized – likely because better digestion leads to better nutrient absorption and less systemic inflammation. By helping you absorb nutrients more efficiently, Extra-Zymase Plus can support overall wellness – users may experience more energy and fewer deficiencies, as chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are addressed. While the primary goal is to relieve GI symptoms, these systemic support aspects highlight that a healthy gut contributes to whole-body health, from immune function to mental well-being. Extra-Zymase Plus, with its comprehensive formula, aims to foster that gut health for the benefit of the entire body.

Key Ingredients and Their Benefits

To summarize, here are the key components of Extra-Zymase Plus and how each supports digestive health:

  • Multi-Enzyme Blend: Includes amylase, glucoamylase (for starches), proteases like peptidase and chymotrypsin (for proteins), lipase (for fats), lactase (for dairy lactose), alpha-galactosidase (for bean and vegetable fibers), invertase and maltase (for sugars), cellulase, hemicellulase, beta-glucanase (for plant fiber and whole grains). These enzymes help break down foods into absorbable nutrients, preventing maldigestion. By reducing leftover FODMAP sugars and large molecules in the gut, they alleviate bloating, gas, and digestive discomfort. Notably, lactase allows lactose-intolerant individuals to enjoy dairy without upsethealth.harvard.edu, and alpha-galactosidase targets gas-forming carbs to reduce flatulence and crampshealth.harvard.edu. Overall, the enzyme blend ensures more complete digestion, which can improve IBS symptoms and decrease occurrences of diarrhea due to undigested foods.

  • Probiotic Blend: Features Lactobacillus (plantarum, rhamnosus, acidophilus, etc.), Bifidobacterium (longum, bifidum, etc.), and Streptococcus thermophilus – all beneficial bacterial strains commonly found in a healthy gut. These probiotics help restore a balanced intestinal flora. They combat harmful bacteria, produce helpful metabolites, and strengthen the gut barrier. Clinical evidence shows multi-strain probiotics can reduce IBS symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating) and improve stool patterns. They are also effective in preventing or shortening diarrhea episodes, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea or traveler’s diarrhea, by outcompeting pathogenic microbes. By including a variety of strains, Extra-Zymase Plus supports the gut ecosystem’s diversity, which is key for resilience against digestive upsets.

  • Psyllium Husk Fiber: A natural soluble fiber that forms a gel in water. Psyllium is renowned for its “stool-normalizing” effect – it can ease constipation by softening and increasing stool bulk, and it can reduce diarrhea by absorbing excess water and firming stools. This dual action is ideal for IBS sufferers who might experience both extremes. Psyllium also has prebiotic effects, feeding beneficial gut bacteria, and has been shown to improve the gut environment while reducing gut inflammation. Because of its proven benefits, psyllium is recommended in medical guidelines for IBS managementpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. In Extra-Zymase Plus, psyllium works alongside enzymes and probiotics to promote regular, comfortable bowel movements and overall digestive tract health.

  • Additional Nutrients: The formula is delivered in a vegetarian capsule, and includes standard pharmaceutical excipients like microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate to ensure stability. The capsules are easy to swallow and designed to dissolve in the intestines so that the enzymes (which are acid-sensitive) can work effectively where they’re needed. Being a veggie capsule, it’s suitable for those with dietary restrictions (no gelatin). There are no harsh ingredients or drugs – only digestive aids that work in harmony with your body’s natural processes.

Each ingredient in Extra-Zymase Plus has a specific role, but it’s truly the synergy of all these components that delivers exceptional results. For instance, consider someone with IBS who feels bloated and gets diarrhea after a high-fiber meal like chili (beans, veggies) and cheese. The enzymes in Extra-Zymase Plus will start breaking down the beans’ complex carbs and the lactose in the cheese, the probiotics will ensure the gut flora handle the meal without excessive gas production, and the psyllium will absorb any excess water, preventing diarrhea. This three-pronged approach can mean the difference between misery after a meal and smooth, symptom-free digestion.

Clinical Use vs. Daily Wellness: The Value of Extra-Zymase Plus

Extra-Zymase Plus offers benefits appreciated by both healthcare professionals and patients, bridging clinical efficacy with convenient wellness support. In clinical settings, gastroenterologists and dietitians may recommend digestive enzyme and probiotic supplements as part of a comprehensive plan for managing functional GI disorders like IBS. These supplements are considered adjunct therapies – complementing dietary modifications and conventional medications. For example, after identifying that a patient is sensitive to certain FODMAP carbohydrates, a dietitian might suggest alpha-galactosidase and lactase supplementation to help the patient expand their diet without triggering symptoms. By doing so, patients can enjoy a less restrictive diet long-term (including nutritious foods like dairy or legumes) because the added enzymes enable them to tolerate those items. Extra-Zymase Plus is essentially a one-stop solution for such cases, since it contains a broad spectrum of enzymes that cover multiple potential food triggers, rather than the patient needing separate products for each (like buying lactase drops, Beano tablets, etc. individually).

 

Healthcare providers also value the probiotic component in Extra-Zymase Plus. Given the growing evidence that probiotics can improve IBS symptoms and even help normalize bowel habits, many clinicians find it logical to include a quality probiotic in IBS management. Instead of recommending a probiotic pill and a separate enzyme pill, Extra-Zymase Plus offers both in one, improving patient compliance. The presence of psyllium means patients are also getting a therapeutic fiber dose daily, which might otherwise be prescribed as a standalone supplement (like psyllium husk powder). In essence, Extra-Zymase Plus simplifies the regimen – a clinician can feel confident that by suggesting this single product, their patient will receive multiple evidence-supported therapies for IBS (enzyme support, probiotics, and fiber) in the correct balance.

 

From the patient perspective, Extra-Zymase Plus is a convenient over-the-counter approach to better digestion. You don’t need a prescription to obtain it, and it can be used flexibly. Some people take it daily, with meals, as a general digestive aid; others use it as needed, before a particularly heavy or problematic meal (for instance, a lactose-intolerant person might take it before having ice cream, or an IBS patient might use it when eating a bean-rich soup). Because it’s formulated to be gentle, it’s suitable for long-term use to maintain digestive wellness. Many individuals without a diagnosed condition but who experience frequent indigestion, post-meal bloating, or irregular stools can also benefit. For example, as we age, our bodies sometimes produce fewer enzymes and our gut motility can slow – leading to that uncomfortable “heavy” feeling after eating. Extra-Zymase Plus can help anyone in this situation digest food more efficiently and avoid sluggishness or gastric upset after large meals. Similarly, those on high-protein diets or weight gain regimens often supplement enzymes to ensure they absorb all those nutrients without straining the gut; Extra-Zymase provides those proteases and more.

 

Crucially, Extra-Zymase Plus has a strong safety profile. Side effects are rare and generally mild, often limited to initial gastrointestinal adjustments (such as minor stomach upset or gas as your body adapts). The ingredients are ones found naturally in the body or in foods, just delivered in a concentrated form. There are no drugs or harsh chemicals involved. This means that for most people, including those with IBS, Extra-Zymase Plus is well tolerated and can be taken alongside other treatments. (Of course, it’s always wise to consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on medication.) The lack of significant drug interactions is also a plus – Extra-Zymase Plus doesn’t interfere with common medications, making it easy to incorporate into a treatment plan.

 

In summary, the value of Extra-Zymase Plus lies in its comprehensiveness and flexibility. It brings clinically validated digestive aids into one formula accessible to everyday consumers. Whether you’re a physician looking for a reliable supplement to recommend to an IBS patient, or an individual seeking relief from chronic digestive nuisances, Extra-Zymase Plus stands out as a scientifically grounded, multi-benefit product. Even if the scientific literature notes that digestive enzyme supplements are not a “magic bullet” for IBS, many patients do report meaningful relief when using themhealth.harvard.edu. By combining enzymes with probiotics and fiber – and backing it up with known science – Extra-Zymase Plus maximizes the odds of making a positive difference in one’s digestive health.

Embrace Digestive Wellness with Extra-Zymase Plus

In a world where digestive discomfort can significantly hamper daily life, Extra-Zymase Plus offers a hopeful solution. Its clinical-yet-natural approach targets the fundamental processes of digestion, rather than just masking symptoms. By actively breaking down problematic food components, fostering a balanced gut microbiome, and regulating stool consistency, this supplement addresses IBS and related gastrointestinal issues in a holistic way. The result for many users is noticeable – meals become less of a worry, abdominal pain and bloating are reduced, and bowel habits become more regular and comfortable. Imagine enjoying a plate of your favorite foods without the usual dread of what might follow; with Extra-Zymase Plus, that goal is attainable for a lot of people who have struggled with IBS, chronic diarrhea, or indigestion.

 

Not only does Extra-Zymase Plus help those with diagnosed conditions, but it’s also a boon for anyone looking to optimize their digestion. Even if you’re simply someone who experiences occasional gas or heaviness after eating, the combination of enzymes and probiotics can lend your digestive system a helping hand, leading to better nutrient absorption and less post-meal fatigue. The ease of use (just a couple of capsules a day) and comprehensive coverage mean you don’t have to take multiple products or adopt an overly restrictive diet to feel better. It’s about enhancing your body’s natural digestive capacity so you can live and eat more freely.

 

Extra-Zymase Plus is grounded in science and crafted for effectiveness: its ingredients reflect therapies that gastroenterologists have been employing for years (like enzyme replacement for pancreatic insufficiency, or probiotics for IBS symptom relief). Now, these therapies are available in one gentle, synergistic supplement. And while individual results can vary – as IBS is a complex condition – the multi-pronged strategy of Extra-Zymase Plus greatly increases the likelihood of finding relief. Even leading health experts acknowledge that, though more research is ongoing, many IBS patients may find digestive enzymes and similar supplements helpful in managing their symptomshealth.harvard.edu. The feedback from those who have tried Extra-Zymase Plus is encouraging, with users often reporting improvements in bloating, reduction in bathroom urgency, and a general feeling of digestive comfort returning to their lives.

 

Call to Action: If you or someone you care for is struggling with IBS, frequent diarrhea, or stubborn digestive issues, Extra-Zymase Plus could be the missing piece in your wellness routine. It offers a safe, evidence-informed way to support your digestive system on a daily basis. We encourage you to discuss Extra-Zymase Plus with your healthcare provider or nutritionist – they will recognize the merit of its components – or confidently try it as an over-the-counter supplement to experience the benefits firsthand. With its blend of enzymes, probiotics, and fiber, Extra-Zymase Plus is more than just a supplement; it’s a comprehensive digestive aid engineered to help you regain control over your gut health. Don’t let IBS and digestive troubles dictate your diet or lifestyle any longer. Embrace the path to digestive wellness and comfort with Extra-Zymase Plus – your ally for a happier gut and a healthier you. Your digestive system will thank you, and you can finally enjoy meals and life’s moments with less worry and more ease.

 

Sources:

  • Metro Pharmacy product description of Mu Life Extra-Zymase Plus (digestive enzymes break down carbs, proteins, fats, fiber, lactose to relieve bloating/indigestion)

  • Pharmazone Kuwait – Extra-Zymase Plus 60 Capsules (ingredient list and usage)

  • Johns Hopkins Medicine – Digestive Enzymes and Digestive Enzyme Supplements (enzyme insufficiency causes GI symptoms; research on enzymes in IBS is ongoing)

  • Harvard Health Publishing – Digestive Enzymes: How supplements like Lactaid and Beano can help with digestionhealth.harvard.eduhealth.harvard.eduhealth.harvard.edu (lactase for lactose intolerance; alpha-galactosidase for gas; some people with IBS find enzymes helpful)

  • Monash University FODMAP Blog – Digestive Enzymes and IBS (alpha-galactosidase improves IBS symptoms in GOS-sensitive patients; use of enzymes as adjunct after FODMAP diet steps)

  • Symprove (Laura Tilt, RD) – NHS Guidelines on Probiotics (BSG guidelines: probiotics may relieve IBS global symptoms; evidence that probiotics reduce bloating/pain, prevent antibiotic diarrhea, reduce lactose intolerance symptoms)

  • Healthline Nutrition – Proteolytic Enzymes Benefits (proteolytic enzymes can decrease inflammation; studies showing enzyme supplements improved IBS symptoms; summary that they reduce IBS symptoms and improve digestion)

  • Northwestern Medicine – What is IBS? (IBS affects 10–15% of the population, symptoms include bloating, gas, diarrhea or constipation changes)

  • Gastroenterology Journal – Psyllium husk benefits (psyllium improves microbiota, decreases inflammation, regulates bowel in IBS) and Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines via PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (psyllium is the only fiber supplement recommended for IBS treatment).



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